Lesson 9 The Killer Flu

Communicative Functions

All our thoughts are with you.

If I were you, I'd get some rest.

I wish I'd listened to my mother.

Listen & Think

A. 동정 표현하기

W: Dear John,

I'm deeply sorry about the loss of your uncle. I'm sure your family is going through a very difficult time. I want you to know that our family's thoughts are with you. We hope that everything will be all right soon.

Sincerely yours,

Sue

Question1: What happened to John's uncle?

Question2: Why did Sue write to John?

B. 충고하기

M: You look terrible.

W: Gee.

M: Are you sick?

W: I don't feel well at all. I have a bad stomachache.

M: If I were you, I'd go to the school nurse.

W: If you'll excuse me, I'll do that right now.

M: I hope everything will be okay.

Question1: Why doesn't the woman feel well?

Question2: What advice does the man give the woman?

C. 후회

W: What's wrong?

M: I think I caught a cold.

W: That's too bad.

M: I wish I'd worn a sweater last night.

W: It was so cold last night, and you didn't wear a sweater?

M: No. I was wearing only a T-shirt.

W: No wonder you caught a cold.

Question1: What's wrong with the man?

Question2: What does he regret?

Listen & Do

A. Listen & Write

Listen to the dialog. Then write the place where the dialog is made and         the clue words.

M: Oh, Mrs. Wilson. How are you doing?

W: Oh, hi, Mr. Sanders. What are you here for?

M: I'm getting the regular check up. How about you?

W: I'm waiting for Rick. He is having an X-ray now.

M: What happened?

W: He had a car accident this afternoon and broke his right leg.

The doctor said he should stay here for two weeks.

M: Oh, that's terrible! I'm sorry to hear that.

W: I'm really worried. He has a very important exam tomorrow.

M: Oh, dear. I really feel sorry for him.

B. Listen & Match

Listen to the dialog and connect the problems with advice.

1.

M: Anne, you look pale. What's wrong?

W: I feel tired these days. I can't sleep well.

M: I suggest you go see a doctor.

2.

M: Hi, Jessica. You look depressed.

W: I've gained some weight.

M: I think you should get some exercise.

3.

M: Susan, how do you feel today?

W: Not so good. In fact, I have a terrible headache.

M: You drink too much coffee. If I were you, I would not drink coffee.

C. Listen & Answer

Listen to the dialog and mark John's grade report.

W: You look terrible. Did you get poor grades?

M: Well, I got As in English and Social Studies.

W: Oh, you have two As, in English and Social Studies. Well done.

How about math?

M: I've got a B in math.

W: Not bad. B in math. You did a good job.

M: My problem is history and science. I got a D in history.

Oh, I wish I'd studied history harder.

W: A D in history? Well,... Don't worry too much. You will do better next time.

M: The worst thing is I failed science.

W: You failed science? Oh...

M: I wish I'd listened to my mother.

She told me not to play computer games so much.

Listen & Speak 1

Listen to the dialog and practice with your partner.

W: Thanks for coming by.

M: These are for you.

W: They're beautiful. You shouldn't have.

M: It's nothing. How are you feeling?

W: I'm feeling better, thanks.

M: All our thoughts are with you. We hope you get well soon.

W: I appreciate it. I will be out of the hospital in a few days.

M: Fantastic! We can't wait to see you at school.

W: I can't wait to get out of this room.

Key point

M: All our thoughts are with you. We hope you get well soon.

W: I appreciate it.

Listen & Speak 2

Fill in the blanks with sentences from the examples below and practice with your partner.

A: I heard your father is not feeling well.

Our thoughts are with you.

B: I appreciate your concern. He's getting better everyday.

A: How are you feeling?

B: I feel very tired. I am often at the hospital.

A: If I were you, I'd get some rest.

B: Don't worry about me.

A: Your health is important, too.

B: I'm fine. I wish I'd stayed with him all day everyday.

A: There's not much you can do.

B: I know. I guess my school studies are also important.

A: Yes. I'm sure you'll make him happier if you do well in school.

Read & Think : The Killer Flu

There's nothing gradual about getting the flu: it hits you like a hammer. One minute you're feeling fine, the next thing you know, you're shivering, then you're burning up, then shivering again. In minutes, your legs turn to jelly and your body aches in places that have never hurt before.

All in all, catching the flu isn't usually such a big deal: you get to stay home from school, nap, watch TV or read in bed, and you are back on your feet in a few days. The type of flu that swept the world in 1918 was much more dangerous. Instead of merely making people uncomfortable for a few days, it killed them, often in a matter of hours.

All over the world, the flu struck as it never had before. The number of people who died within the short span of the 1918 epidemic was staggering. It didn't matter whether you lived in the city or the country, whether you were rich or poor, or whether you were young or old, weak or strong. If you caught the flu, you went from being healthy in the morning to being dead by nightfall.

People were panic-stricken. Terrified of catching the disease, they hid indoors, avoiding their friends and neighbors. Schools, churches, and theaters were closed. Cloth masks were passed out, but they did no good. There was a shortage of coffins; bodies piled up or were even left in gutters. Mass graves were dug. In all, over 20 million people lost their lives to the disease.

At the time, no one even knew what caused the flu. It was hard to understand; outbreaks occurred only in fall, winter, or early spring, even in warm climates. Some years, the flu barely appeared at all, and other years it was of a mild variety, but every 20 or 30 years or so, a flu would spread like wildfire throughout the world, killing millions.

Afterward, scientists worked hard to understand what had happened. The first breakthrough came in 1933, when a team of British researchers isolated the human flu virus. Flu viruses aren't much to look at: smaller and simpler than bacteria, viruses are tiny enough to pass through the holes in cloth facemasks, which is why masks are useless. Several million flu bugs could fit on the period at the end of this sentence.

Once inside the body, flu viruses settle into the delicate cells that line the lungs, nose and throat. There the sneaky invaders steal the body's own building tools to create billions of copies of themselves. These viruses quickly spread into more cells. This is what makes you sick. Most flu symptoms - fever, runny nose, body aches - are caused not by the virus itself but by your body's attempt to get rid of it.

Scientists soon discovered that the flu virus has another characteristic, which makes fighting it like boxing with a swarm of bees. The flu virus changes easily and often. This ability to change is what makes the flu so dangerous. If the flu stayed the same every year, it would be possible to develop a vaccine that would protect people from it for life, like a measles shot protects them from the measles, but the flu can change at any time.

A healthy person can fight off the flu in three to five days, though a cough and fatigue can last two more weeks, but often an attack of the flu is followed by another illness.

Doctors believe the damage done by the flu virus makes it easier for other germs to attack, including the bacteria that cause ear infections and pneumonia. The one-two punch of flu followed by pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S. Nine out of ten of these deaths occur in elderly people. The lesson for people of any age: if you aren't getting better after four or five days of the flu, or if you get better and then get worse again, see a doctor.

We understand the flu much better now than we did in 1918, when the world was helpless against it.

Today, doctors chart new varieties constantly, and government officials are ready to react to any hint of a coming epidemic. We also have drugs to treat pneumonia and some of the other serious problems that can accompany the flu. Those medicines would have saved many lives in 1918.

Although the flu is not as dangerous today as it was in 1918, we should not be complacent. The last big flu epidemic was in 1968 when 700,000 people in the world died from the Hong Kong flu. The next big flu epidemic could strike next winter. The best way to avoid another terrible epidemic in the future is to remain alert today.

Study Notes

A. Sounds

1. Listen carefully.

coat   show   old   most   both   total   road   folk

2. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks. Read the sentences out loud.

a. The (old) and the young do not always understand each other.

b. John and Mary have (both) won prizes.

c. He has visited (most) of the countries in Europe.

d. Add these numbers together, and tell me the (total).

e. It takes 3 hours by train and 4 hours by (road).

3. Listen to the linking sounds and repeat.

Several million flu bugs could fit^in the period^at^the end^of this^sentences.

Do It Yourself

A. Listen & Do

1. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 하기로 한 일을 그림 중에서 골라 봅시다.

M: Jenny is absent today.

W: What's the matter? Is she sick?

M: Yes, she's got the flu.

W: Oh! What a pity! I'm sorry to hear that.

M: She is in the hospital.

W: Is it that serious?

M: I'm not sure, but I heard this killer flu can kill people.

W: Oh, how awful! Do you know which hospital she is in?

M: She's in the John's Hospital on 2nd Avenue, but you can't see her now.

W: Why?

M: Visiting a flu patient is not allowed.

W: Then I'll send a get-well card.

M: That's a good idea.

2. 대화를 듣고, 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 것을 골라 봅시다.

W: Did you want to see me, Mr Johnson?

M: Yes, come in, Sera. Sit down. Hmm, I went through the mid-term papers and I        was surprised to find yours unsatisfactory.

W: I'm sorry, sir.

M: Why is that? You did well in class. I thought you were one of the best students in      the class.

W: I'm afraid I didn't really study much.

M: Hmm, you'd better do your best in your final exam. If not, you'll regret it later.

W: I won't let you down.

M: I trust that you'll study harder next time.

Read & Think

다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

What was so terrifying about this second wave was that healthy adults in their twenties and thirties were the most common victims. The flu started its second trip  around the world in late September 1918, killing many fit young soldiers, along with millions of otherwise healthy civilians.

Today, scientists think that practically every person alive in the world at that time was exposed to the 1918 flu.  Some people didn't get sick. Others, however, seemed unable to fight it at all. Eskimos suffered terribly, and whole villages in Alaska and Northern Canada were emptied by the flu. People on islands in the South Pacific didn't fare much better. There wasn't a country left untouched by the outbreak.

1. 빈 칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 써 봅시다

This second wave means the       which broke out in 1918.

2. 위 글 내용과 일치하는 것을 골라 봅시다.

① Eskimos were able to overcome the flu because of their lifestyle.

② The flu was terrifying and killed many young people in 1918.

③ People who traveled the world were attacked by the flu.

④ People in Alaska and Northern Canada left their villages to escape from the flu.

Let's Learn More 1

Listen & Do

대화를 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

M: Look at this view!

W: Oh, it's lovely!

M: Isn't it beautiful up here?

W: Yes, yes, it is. Tall buildings look like toys from here.

M: Look at the river. It's so peaceful.

W: Yes. Oh, there are two boats on the river!

M: How cute! I'm really glad I came here.

W: I wish I'd brought a camera.

M: Me too. I totally forgot about the camera.

M: I could stay up here forever.

Read & Think

1. 다음 글은 독감 바이러스의 특징 중 무엇에 대한 내용인지 골라 봅시다.

Flu viruses aren't much to look at : smaller and simpler than bacteria, viruses are tiny enough to pass through the holes in cloth facemasks, which is why masks are useless. Several million flu bugs could fit on the period at the end of this sentence.

① size    ② number    ③ variety    ④ usefulness

2. 다음은 독감 환자를 돌볼 때의 유의 사항입니다. 요약문을 완성해 봅시다.

People with the flu should rest in bed. Rest helps the body fight the virus. For the usual case of the flu, there is no specific drug treatment, but some non-aspirin medicine can be taken to relieve aches and pains and to reduce instructs you to do so. Offer the patient plenty of water.

□독감에는 특별한 치료약이 없으므로 독감 환자는       을 충분히 섭취하면서       을 취해서 스스로 병을 이겨내도록 도와야 한다. 또한,       의 지시가 없이 독감 환자에게          을 주지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

Let's Learn More 2

Listen & Do

대화를 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

W: John, are you OK? You look upset.

M: Yes, I am upset. I was just laid off.

W: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.

M: The management has decided my team was not cost-effective.

W: That's too bad. You were doing a really good job.

M: I know. My manager agreed that I was a good worker, but my department was       too expensive for the company right now.

W: Don't worry too much. I'm sure you will find a new job soon.

M:

Read & Think

다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

The flu vaccine, usually called a flu shot, protects people against the flu. It creates immunity to the flu through an injection of relatively harmless microorganisms that come from or are similar to, the viruses that cause the flu. Fortunately, most people do not experience any side effects from the flu shot. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, less than one third of people vaccinated have side effects and most of them are mild ones, such as headaches or low-grade fevers which last only about 24 hours after vaccination. The most serious side effect from a flu shot is an allergic reaction in a person allergic to eggs or egg products. People  who have a serious reaction should get medical attention immediately.

1. 위 글의 내용상 크게 두 문단으로 나눌 수 있습니다. 두 번째 문단의 첫 단어에 ○표 해 봅시다.

2. 두 문단의 주제어를 찾아 써 봅시다.

- 첫 번째 문단 : ______________

- 두 번째 문단 : ______________